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Glossary

Substantial Completion vs Practical Completion

Substantial Completion means the building is usable. Practical Completion means it’s ready for full use.

Topic: 
Contract Administration (AUS)
Date posted: 
November 14, 2024
Date updated: 
May 8, 2025

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Substantial Completion vs Practical Completion

Substantial Completion occurs when a project is usable or occupiable, even if minor works remain unfinished. Practical Completion, on the other hand, means the project is fully functional for its intended purpose, with only minor defects. A certificate of practical completion is often issued at this stage to formalise the milestone.

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Does Practical Completion Start the Defect Liability Period?

Yes, Practical Completion marks the beginning of the Defects Liability Period. During this time, the contractor is responsible for rectifying any defects identified at handover. A construction superintendent typically inspects the project to confirm it meets the requirements for Practical Completion.

Can the Building Be Occupied After Substantial Completion?

Yes, Substantial Completion generally allows the owner to occupy or use the building, even if some work is still ongoing. However, this depends on the terms outlined in the contract administration process, including any conditions related to safety and usability.

What Happens if Practical Completion Is Delayed?

Delays in Practical Completion can lead to penalties, such as liquidated damages, depending on the contract terms. Extended delays may also result in disputes or claims of breach of contract, potentially affecting the project timeline and final payments.

Are Defects Allowed in Substantial and Practical Completion?

Both Substantial and Practical Completion allow for minor defects, but these defects must not impact the intended use of the building. Practical Completion typically requires a higher standard, ensuring the building is fully usable, with any remaining issues recorded for resolution during the Defects Liability Period.

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